On April 7, 2022, particle physicists Claudio Campagnari (University of California) and Martijn Mulders (CERN, Switzerland) published a study in Science reporting a highly precise measurement of the mass of the W boson. The result revealed, unexpectedly, a significantly higher mass than a previous very accurate measurement. This was a shock for particle physicists.

In terms of relation physics, however, a difference in mass for the same type of relation set is not surprising, as sets are interconnected with their environment. In this view, the environment also influences the ease or difficulty of a set to redistribute information